径向槽对涡轮叶间补燃室性能影响的数值研究

为探究径向槽对涡轮叶间补燃室的影响,设计了两种涡轮叶间补燃室模型.用计算流体动力学的方法对涡轮叶间补燃室内流动及燃烧进行数值模拟,数值模拟结果与实验数据基本吻合.涡轮叶间补燃室性能稳定,燃烧效率在97.5%以上,绝对压力损失为5.7%.叶背径向槽会引起气流在叶背发生分离,流场遭严重破坏,叶盆径向槽会减弱分离现象,改善出口径向平均速度分布.叶盆径向槽可提高燃烧效率,降低叶片表面温度,使叶间、出口温度更均匀.叶盆径向槽较叶背径向槽能降低CO、未燃碳氢化合物的排放量,但会引起NO排放量增加.      

飞行器鼻锥凹腔-发散组合冷却数值模拟

尖锐鼻锥冷却方案是可复用式航天飞行器研究领域一个十分重要的课题。传统发散冷却虽然可以有效降低鼻锥结构温度,但是由于驻点外极高的热流、压力,会出现驻点冷却效果差的问题。迎风凹腔结构是一种针对鼻锥驻点区域的减阻防热方案,尖锐唇口的分流作用可以使附近压力、热流降低。因此,提出一种新型冷却结构——凹腔-发散组合冷却,利用迎风凹腔结构对驻点的强化冷却解决发散冷却中驻点难以冷却的问题。以楔形鼻锥为物理模型,对发散冷却、迎风凹腔结构和凹腔-发散冷却3种冷却结构进行数值模拟,并和无冷却的纯鼻锥结构进行对比。结果表明,与传统发散冷却相比,使用凹腔-发散组合冷却可以使结构温度峰值下降16.8%;与没有冷却的纯鼻锥模型相比,鼻锥头部圆弧段表面平均温度降幅可达64%,证实了这种新型冷却结构的可行性和高效性。     

铷频标物理系统的改进研究

物理系统是铷频标的核心部件,通过分析影响频率稳定度的因素,对物理系统内部结构进行了改进。改进后的物理系统采用分离滤光的三泡结构,增加了光学滤光技术,此外,物理系统还选用了磁控管微波腔。经测试,改进后的铷频标温度系数为9.7×10^-14/℃,频率稳定度约为1×10^-12/τ（1s≤τ≤10 000s）。     

Experimental study of a flush wall scramjet combustor equipped with strut/wall fuel injection

In this study a flush wall scramjet combustor is tested in a supersonic incoming air flow with the Mach number of 3 which is generated by an air vitiation heater producing the stagnation temperature of 1505 K. Using liquid kerosene as the fuel, the flame is stabilized by means of a centrally mounted O₂ pilot strut after being ignited by a plasma torch. During experimental measurements, the fuel is injected with a constant equivalence ratio of 0.8 according to specified strut/wall injection ratios, i.e., a portion of the fuel amount is injected from the strut while the rest is injected from the wall. The strut and wall injectors are arranged at the same axial position. The combustion performance and wall temperature gradients are evaluated with various fuel feeding ratios between the wall and the strut. Experimental results show, when the equivalence ratio is constant and the axial injection position is fixed, the combustion characteristics vary significantly with the strut/wall fuel feeding ratio, especially when this ratio is close to its lowest and highest limits. Among the four fuel feeding ratios examined, the strut only injection mode and the average distributed strut/wall injection mode show the best combustion performance. However, the strut/wall injection mode produces a smaller wall temperature gradient compared to the strut only injection mode, which is due to the significant film cooling effect caused by the wall injected liquid kerosene.     

预旋进气小尺寸涡轮叶片冷却的流场研究

为了了解和掌握一种具有直通式冷气预旋进气系统的小型燃气轮机涡轮转子叶片的流场,在旋转雷诺数Reθ=4.66×106和冷却空气的无量纲质量流量Cw=1750时改变预旋角θ的大小,使其在15°～90°变化,通过数值研究得到了预旋角对涡轮盘腔、连管和涡轮叶片内冷却空气的流动以及叶栅通道中燃气的流动的影响。结果表明:(1)预旋角的变化会改变涡轮盘腔、连管和涡轮叶片冷气进口附近局部区域的流场,但是对涡轮叶片内其它区域和叶栅通道中的流动基本没有影响。(2)随着预旋角的增大,涡轮盘腔内预旋进气冷气射流的轴向穿透深度先增大后减小;当θ<45°时冷却空气沿外围屏流向转盘接收孔,而当θ>45°时冷却空气沿内围屏流向转盘接收孔;气流的周向速度随着预旋角的增大而减小。(3)垂直进气时连管内存在多个回流区和很大的涡流,流动损失较大,而采用预旋进气能够减弱或消除这些流动结构,存在最优预旋角θopt,θopt≈45°,此时连管的有效流通面积最大。     

Experimental Study on Emission Performance of an LPP/TVC

A key issue in the commercial aircraft engine design is environmental acceptability, and designers are continually challenged to reduce emissions. In this paper, an experimental investigation is performed to evaluate the emission performance of a liquid-fueled trapped vortex combustor (TVC) under lean premixed prevaporized (LPP) mode. When operating as an LPP system, a TVC is fueled both in the cavities and in the main stream. The correlations between the emission performance and the total excess air ratio, the positions (4 positions) of the fuel injectors in the main stream, and the inlet temperature are obtained. Experi- mental results show that both the volume concentrations of unburnt hydrocarbon (UHC) and NOx (NO, NO2 usually grouped together as NOx) increase with the increase of total excess air ratio from 1.5 to 3.0; the emission performance relies heavily on the position of the main stream injector, and the best performance is achieved at Position 4 in the experiments; the increase of the inlet temperature impacts on the emission performance positively; the smallest volume concentrations of UHC and NOx obtained in the experiment are 94×10 6 and 2.3×10 6 respectively. This paper validates the feasibility of low emissions for an LPP/TVC and provides a reference for further optimization of TVCs.     

气氢/气氧同轴剪切单喷嘴燃烧室壁面热流计算与分析

以气氢/气氧为推进剂,采用数值模拟方法,研究了同轴剪切喷嘴设计参数——氢氧速度比和氧压降比对单喷嘴燃烧室内燃烧过程和壁面热载的影响,并将绝热壁面条件、等温壁面条件的计算结果与试验结果进行了对比分析,结果表明:氢氧速度比增大,燃烧性能提高,壁面热载增加;氧压降比增大,燃烧性能下降,壁面热载减小;相比采用壁面绝热燃气温度,采用热流预示燃烧室壁面热载与真实情况更为接近.      

涡轮级间燃烧室燃烧性能试验

开展了进口空气马赫数、驻涡区余气系数影响涡轮级间燃烧室燃烧性能的试验研究,获得了燃烧室性能参数的变化规律:随着进口马赫数的增大,总压损失从1.5%增加到7%,流阻系数变化不大,出口温度分布系数OTDF(overall temperature distribution factor)也相应变大;对于不同的进口马赫数,燃烧效率、OTDF随驻涡区余气系数的增大分别为降低和基本不变;燃烧效率大多在70%~85%之间;试验中得到的在燃烧室进口温度为473K时的最大贫油熄火余气系数为9.7.      

内并联型TBCC进气道方案设计及验证

提出了一种带可变几何泄流腔的内并联型涡轮基组合循环(TBCC)进气道设计方案.介绍了进气道的总体设计思路,给出了进气道的设计马赫数、转级马赫数及飞行轨迹,对不同来流条件下进气道的工作方式以及全马赫数范围进气道型面调整的安排进行了论述,确定了进气道主要气动参数与型面参数的选取原则.通过数值模拟和高速风洞试验的手段,对进气道设计方案的可行性进行了验证.数值模拟结果表明:当Ma₀≤2.5时,进气道的总压恢复系数均在0.8以上,当2.5<Ma₀≤4.5时,进气道的总压恢复系数均在0.3以上,符合进气道总体方案的要求;冲压模态下,冲压通道的出口马赫数均小于0.4,出口静压均大于0.5个标准大气压,均能满足冲压燃烧室的燃烧需求.风洞试验结果表明:模态转换过程中,进气道涡轮通道具有良好的进/发匹配特性,且进气道涡轮/冲压通道具有良好的相容性能.研究结果可为我国开展组合动力研究提供方案参考和技术储备.      

Numerical investigation of of nozzle cavities thermal radiation characteristics with center cone cooled

航空发动机高温部件是发动机3-5μm上的重要红外辐射之一,对高温部件之一的中心锥的红外抑制技术进行了数值研究．在中心锥前端布置气膜缝槽,缝槽几何参数经过优化设计,将部分外涵低温气流经过支板引入中心锥,对支板和锥体壁面形成冲击冷却,在锥体前端形成气膜覆盖,使得支板与中心锥壁面得到了有效冷却,两者平均温度分别降低21．1％和46．2％,冷却气量约为外涵流量的1．6％．喷管腔体3～5Izm波段上红外辐射得到有效抑制,喷管正后方红外辐射相比原型喷管降低30％,0°-45。范围内红外辐射则明显降低．